不同浓度酒精的用途，消毒――70%>95%

Ethanol is a straight-chain alcohol, and its molecular formula is C2H5OH. Its empirical formula is C2H6O. An alternative notation is CH3-CH2-OH, which indicates that the carbon of a methyl group (CH3-) is attached to the carbon of a methylene group (-CH2-), which is attached to the oxygen of a hydroxyl group (-OH). It is a constitutional isomer of dimethyl ether. Ethanol is often abbreviated as EtOH, using the common organic chemistry notation of representing the ethyl group (C2H5) with Et.

酒精消毒的原理：

Ethanol kills organisms by denaturing their proteins and dissolving their lipids and is effective against most bacteria and fungi, and many viruses (including SARS), but is ineffective against bacterial spores.

看一下不同浓度酒精的不同用途吧！

95%的酒精用于擦拭紫外线灯。这种酒精在医院常用，而在家庭中则只会将其用于相机镜头的清洁。

70%～75%的酒精用于消毒。这是因为，过高浓度的酒精会在细菌表面的蛋白质凝固形成一层保护膜，阻止其进入细菌体内，难以将细菌彻底杀死。若酒精浓度过低，虽可进入细菌，但不能将其体内的蛋白质凝固（即蛋白质变性），同样也不能将细菌彻底杀死。

40%～50%的酒精可预防褥疮。长期卧床患者的背、腰、臀部因长期受压可引发褥疮，如按摩时将少许40%～50%的酒精倒入手中，均匀地按摩患者受压部位，就能达到促进局部血液循环，防止褥疮形成的目的。

25%～50%的酒精可用于物理退热。高烧患者可用其擦身，达到降温的目的。因为用酒精擦拭皮肤，能使患者的皮肤血管扩张，增加皮肤的散热能力，其挥发性还能吸收并带走大量的热量，使症状缓解。但酒精浓度不可过高，否则可能会刺激皮肤，并吸收表皮大量的水分。

酒精对人体的影响，请参见下图：（红色为害，绿色为利，可见是把双刃剑啊！）

发件人 实验相关

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Sincerely yours,
Chuntao Yuan
Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms
No.3577 Jinke Road,Pudong New District
Shanghai, China 201203